Improvement in electro-magnetic engines



2 Sheets-Sheet I.

A. P. BERLIOZ.

Electra-Magnetic Machine.

No. 58,960. Patented Oct. 16. 1866.

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Warsaw.

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2 Sheets- Sheet 2.

A. P. Bianca Electra-Magnetic chine.

Patented Oct. 16. 1866.

MY PETERi. Halo-WM, Wm u (2v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE...

AUGUSTE I. BERLIOZ, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES.

To all whom it may concern:-

Be it known that I, A. P. BERLIOZ, of Paris, France, have inventedcertain Improvements in Magneto Electric Apparatus; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

My invention consists in certain improvements in magnetoelectriemachines, fully described hereinafter, whereby currents of electricitymay be more readily produced and collected than in machines of theordinary construction.

In order to enable others skilled in the art to make and use myinvention, I will now proceed to describe its construction andoperation.

On reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of thisspecification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of myimprovedmagnetoelectric machine; Fig. 2, a sectional elevation on the line 1 2,Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a section on the line 3 4, Fig. 2, looking in thedirection of the arrow; Fig. 4, a plan view of Fig. 3; Figs. 5 and 6,detached views of parts of the machine; Fig. 7, a sectional view of oneof the bobbins, drawn to an enlarged scale; and Fig. 8, an end view ofthe bobbin.

Similar letters refer to similar part throughout the several views.

A and A. are the side frames of the machine, which are connectedtogether by cross-pieces B B. To each cross-piece are secured threepermanent horseshoemagnets, C, O, and O, which are arranged as shown inFigs. 1 and 2, each magnet consisting of a series of plates, the numberof plates in the central magnet, 0, being twice that in the magnets 0 O,for a purpose described hereinafter.

To the frames A A are secured boxes D D, each of which is insulated fromthe frame by a strip, a, of rubber or other suitable material, and inthe said boxes turn the journals of a shaft, F, to which are secured twodisks, G G, the edges of the latter projecting into the spaces betweenthe inner ends of the magnets, as best shown in Fig. 2.

The end of the shaft F which turns in the box D is reduced in diameterto receive a sleeve, b, between which and the shaft is aninsulating-sleeve, c, of rubber, ivory, or other suitable material. Thesleeve 1) is maintained in its position, so as to turn with the shaft,by a nut,which screws onto the end of the latter, and between the sleeveand the nut is a rubber washer.

On the shaft, near the box D, is an insulated cylinder, on which are tworings, H H, the former consisting of sixteen separate metal sections, 6e, and the latter ofsixteen similar sections, a 'i, the sections in eachring being separated from each other by strips of ivory.

On the cylinder Eare also metal bands d d ff, the sectionsebeingconnected to the band d, the sections 0 to the band d, the sections 0'to the bandf,and the sections i to the band f.

Through the cylinder E extend four wires, h h'jj',which are respectivelyconnected with the bands f (1 df.

To one of the cross-pieces B is hinged an arm, k, at one end of whichturns a grooved roller, m, the latter resting on the ring H, and againstthe upper side of this roller bears a projection, n, on a bow-spring, o,secured to a flexible bar, p, the latter being attached to oppositecross-pieces, B B.

To asimilar bar, p, is secured a bow-spring, 0, a projection, m',onwhich bears on the ring H,and against the upper side of each bar p pbears the lower end of a set-screw, g, which turns in the uppercross-piece B.

At the sides of the disks G G are insulated metal rings u a, and in theperiphery of each disks aresixteen semicircular recesses,in each ofwhich is secured a bobbin, I. Each bobbin I consists of a tube or core,r, composed of two thicknesses of metal, and having near each end aflange, s, and round the tube, between the two flanges, is coiled asilk-covered wire or ribbon, t, the tube and flanges being both split atx to prevent the production of induced currentsin the tube.

The wires on the different bobbins are connected to each other by meansof insulated metal pins w, driven into the sides of the disks, the endsof the wires on each two adjacent bobbins being attached to the pinbetween, so that the different wires t form practically a single wire,which passes round all the bobbins. The end of the wire of the firstbobbin, 1, on the disk G is connected to the ring u, and the oppositeend of the wire from the last bobbin (marked 1', Fig. 5) is connected tothe ring u or to one of the bobbins on the adjacent disk G, the bobbinson the latter being arranged and the wires on the same being connectedin the same manner as those on the disk G, the wire from the last bobbinon the disk G being connected to the ring a on said disk.

The ring a on the disk G is connected by a conducting-wire with theshaft F, and the ring a on the disk G is connected by a wire with thesleeve b, and to the boxes D D' are secured the ends of conducting-wirest t. Then a rotary motion is imparted to the shaft F the bobbins will becarried between the magnets, and their iron cores will be alternatelymagnetized and demagnetized, and electric currents, first in onedirection and then in another, will be induced in the wire t,in a mannertoo wellknown to those skilled in this class of apparatus to needparticular description. As one end ofthe wire t is connected to theshaft F and the other to the sleeve b, the currents from one end of thewire will pass to the sleeve and through the box D to the wire t, whilethe currents from the other end of the wire will pass to the shaft andthrough the box D to the wire t, the positive and negative currentspassing alternately to each wire.

\Vhen there is a continuous communication of the bobbins with eachother, as described, the current produced will be one of intensity.\Vhen, however, currents of less intensity and greater quantity arerequired the bobbins are connected in the following manner:

The bobbins on each disk are divided into series of four bobbins each,Fig. 6, and one end of the wire from the first bobbin of each series isconnected to the ring uand the other end from the last bobbin of theseries to the ring a. The rings uof the two disks are then connected bya wire with each other and with the shaft F and the rings a with eachother and with the sleeve b, the currents which are collected on thewires t t on the revolution of the disks being greater in quantity, butof less intensity, than those produced when the bobbins are arranged asfirst described.

As before mentioned, the current which passes to each of the wires t tis first positive and then negative. \Vhen, however, it is desired tocollect all the positive currents on one wire and all the negativecurrents on the other the following arrangement is made:

The wires j j are connected with one or both of the rings a and thewires h h with one or both of the rings a. As the shalt revolves one ofthe sections i will be brought into contact with the roller m and one ofthe sections 0' into contact with the projection on. If a positivecurrent is now collected on the ring a, it will pass through thewiresjj' and rings (1 and f to the sections e and i, to the roller m, incontact with one of the sections 'i,whi1e the negative current will passfrom the ring a, through the wires h and h, rings (1 and f, sections eand i, to the projection m, in contact with one of the sections a, thecurrent being conducted from the roller m and projection m, through thesprings 0 o and bars 11 p, to conducting-wires y y, secured to the bars10 1), Fig.

1, the positive current passing to the wire y and the negative to thewire y. As the shaft further revolves the magnetism in the bobbins willbe changed and the positive currents will collect on the ring a and thenegative on the ring u. The positive currents will now pass, through thewires h h, bands f and d, to the sections a and z, while the negativewill pass, through the wires j j, bands (1 f to the sections 6 and i. Asection i will now be in contact with the roller m and a section 6 incontact with the projection m, and as the section i which was formerlynegative is now positive and the section e which was formerly positiveis now negative, the positive current will pass to the wire 3 as before,and the negative to the wire 3 and as similar changes will be effectedat every sixteenth of a revolution of the disks a. constant successionof positive currents will be passed to the wire y and a like successionof negative currents to the wire g.

It has heretofore been considered necessary that the currents should berectified so as to be in the same direction as above described, in orderthat they might be used for the production of an electric light. I havediscovered, however, that uncorrected currents may be moreadvantageously used, the currents passing first from one carbonelectrode to the other and then back, so that the electrodes areconsumed with equal rapidity.

It has heretofore been customary to conduct the currents generated inthe bobbins to insulated rings on the shaft, and to collect them fromthe said rings by means of springs hearing on the same and communicatingwith the conducting-wires. This mode of collecting the currents isobjectionable, as the surfaces of the rings or springs being exposed areapt to become oxidized or coated with grease or other material whichweakens or totally prevents the passage of the current.

By insulating the boxes D D and the opposite ends of the shaft whichturn therein and conducting the currents to the two separated portionsof the shaft, as above described, the uninterrupted passage of thecurrent is insured, the bearing-surfaces of the journals of the shaft inthe boxes D D being so great that an oxidation of a portion of thejournal will not interfere with the free passage of the current.

When magneto-electric machines are used in light-houses and for otherpurposes it is frequently necessary to employ two or more machines,either for use separately while one is being repaired or together whenthe state of the weather is such as to require a light of more thanusual brilliancy. If, where two machines are used with one lamp, theyare connected by merely j oining thei r exterior conducting-wires, it isalmost impossible to produce like currents simultaneously in bothmachines. The twocurrents therefore are apt to weaken or destroy eachother. To correct this I so arrange the different machines that theirshafts F shall be in a line with each other, as shown in Fig. 2, andconnect the two axles when the machines have to operate together bymeans of a clutch, v, or other suitable connecting device, care beingtaken that the axles shall always occupy the same relative positions.\Vhen thus connected the two axles turn together and the two or moremachines act as though they were one, so that there is no possibility oftwo currents of different characters being simultaneously generated anddirected to one wire.

The machines may be readily disconnected when one only has to be used bydrawing back the clutch 11.

It will be apparent that any number of machines may be coupled in thismanner, and that any number of disks, bobbins, and mag" nets may be usedin one machine, the magnets at each end of the machine being only halfthe thickness of the others, as they only act from one side.

I have found that by the use of a wheel, at, bearing on the edge of thecommntating-ring H, between the latter and the projection n on thespring, the currents may be more perfectly connected than when theordinary rubbingspring is used. When, however, the use of a wheel wouldnot be admissible, a spring, 0', connected to a flexible bar and havinga projection, m, which bears on the ring, may be used with advantage.

In place of a sleeve, b, the shaft F may be divided in the center or atany other point into two portions, connected firmly together, but so asto be electrically separate from each other.

Without confining myself to the precise construction and arrangement ofthe parts herein described, I claim as my invention and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. The shaft F, divided into two insulated parts,turning in insulated boxes D D, and connected to the bobbin wire orwires t, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of the above and the disks G, their bobbins I, andthe rings a a, when the wires on said bobbins are connected to theshaft, to each other, and to the said rings, substantially as shown inFigs. 2 and 5, for the purpose specified.

3. The spring 0, its projection a, roller m, in combination with a ring,H.

4. The spring 0', its projection m, in combination with a ring, H.

5. The combination of two or more machines, constructed as described,when the said machines are so arranged that when their axles are coupledby the within-described devices, or their equivalents,1ike currents willbe simultaneously generated in all the machines.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification beforetwo subscribing witnesses.

AUG. PROSPER BERLIOZ.

W'itnesses:

G. RICHARD, G. TURK.

and the k

